What is the primary hazard of exposure to laser radiation?

The primary hazard of exposure to laser radiation is indeed permanent blindness. When the eye is exposed to laser light, particularly in the visible and near-infrared spectrum, the concentrated energy can cause severe damage to the sensitive tissues of the retina. This damage occurs rapidly, often before one has a chance to respond or look away. The retina has limited capacity for healing, and damage can lead to irreversible vision loss.

While superficial burns, skin cancer, and allergic reactions are concerns associated with various types of radiation or chemical exposures, none have the immediate and devastating effect on vision that laser radiation can produce. Superficial burns occur on the skin and can typically heal, and skin cancer develops over longer periods due to chronic exposure. Allergic reactions are also a response to specific substances, not generally related to laser exposure. The risk of permanent blindness highlights the critical importance of laser safety protocols and protective measures in environments where lasers are used.