What part of the eye converts light into electrical impulses?

The retina is the part of the eye responsible for converting light into electrical impulses. This process begins when light enters the eye and strikes the photoreceptor cells located in the retina, which includes rods and cones. These cells are sensitive to light and, when activated by photons, initiate a biochemical process that transforms the light signals into electrical signals. These electrical impulses are then transmitted via the optic nerve to the brain, where they are interpreted as visual images.

The other parts of the eye have different functions: the cornea is primarily responsible for refracting light and providing a protective outer layer; the lens further focuses light onto the retina; and the iris regulates the amount of light that enters the eye by controlling the size of the pupil. Each of these components plays a critical role in vision, but it is the retina that specifically handles the conversion of light into the electrical signals necessary for visual perception.